Poverty And Extremism Analysis

 Here is a comprehensive response to your request, divided into three key parts:

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✅ I. SHORT NOTES

🔹 1. Poverty and Extremism

• Poverty is often linked to extremism, but not the sole cause.

• Contributing factors: ethnic, sectarian, sociocultural, economic, political inequality.

• Misattributing extremism solely to poverty avoids addressing resource distribution and governance.

🔹 2. Global Rankings (IMF, HDI, GTI)

• Burkina Faso: Poorest (16th), 1st in GTI.

• Pakistan: 50th poorest, 2nd in GTI.

• Israel: Not poor (157th), 8th in GTI (due to historical/political causes).

• Strong correlation between low HDI (155–192) and terrorism, except Israel.

🔹 3. Literacy and Extremism

• Low adult literacy in GTI-top countries (except Israel).

• Need to increase investment in education.

🔹 4. Recruitment Strategies

• Militants exploit poverty by offering money, food, purpose.

• Education and skill-building can help divert youth from radical paths.

🔹 5. Statistics on Pakistan

• 44.7% live below $4.20/day (World Bank).

• Poverty = inability to meet basic living standards.

• Fuels grievance, crime, terrorism.

🔹 6. Role of Education

• Extremists also recruit educated individuals.

• Study: 2/3 of militants were graduates (Russell & Miller, 1966–70).

🔹 7. Other Causes of Extremism

• Ideology, identity crises, authoritarianism, human rights abuse.

• Drone strikes, foreign occupation, online radicalisation.

• Poverty is one factor among many.

🔹 8. Solutions

• Improve education, healthcare, governance.

• Promote youth employment, transparency, and civic education.

• Engage communities in literacy, human rights, and conflict resolution.

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✅ II. REPORT

📄 Report Title: Poverty, Development and the Roots of Extremism

Introduction

Nelson Mandela famously declared that global peace is impossible without addressing poverty, injustice, and inequality. This report analyzes the relationship between poverty and extremism, using global data to assess causation and correlation.

Poverty as a Root Cause

Many believe poverty fuels extremism. While statistics show some alignment, poverty alone is insufficient to explain terrorism. It must be seen in tandem with governance failures, sectarian tensions, and resource inequality.

Global Terrorism and Development Indices

Analysis of the Global Terrorism Index (GTI), Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty rankings reveals that most terrorism-prone nations are also underdeveloped. However, Israel challenges this pattern, suggesting political and historical factors are also influential.

Literacy and Extremism

Most countries high on the GTI have low literacy rates, highlighting the role of education. This trend demands enhanced state investment in education to reduce vulnerability to extremist ideologies.

Recruitment Patterns

Militant groups often recruit from impoverished areas by offering incentives and identity. However, educated recruits are also used for technical roles, showing that education alone isn't enough without values and employment.

Broader Factors Driving Extremism

Beyond poverty, extremism grows from authoritarianism, foreign occupation, identity crises, religious manipulation, and human rights abuses. Thus, any solution must be holistic.

Conclusion & Recommendations

To combat extremism:

• Tackle poverty with social and economic reforms.

• Improve education access, especially civic education.

• Create employment opportunities and skill-building platforms.

• Promote governance, tolerance, and community participation.

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✅ III. DIAGRAMS

📊 1. Correlation Chart: HDI vs GTI (Top 10 Countries)

Country	HDI Rank (Out of 193)	GTI Rank (Out of 163)
Burkina Faso	186	1
Pakistan	168	2
Syria	162	3
Mali	188	4
Niger	187	5
Nigeria	164	6
Somalia	192	7
Israel	27	8
Afghanistan	181	9
Cameroon	155	10

Conclusion: All except Israel fall in low HDI, showing a strong poverty-extremism correlation.

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📉 2. Root Causes of Extremism: Venn Diagram

                 +-------------------+
                 |   Poverty         |
                 +-------------------+
                       /    \
                      /      \
        +----------------+  +------------------+
        | Ideological    |  | Political Grievances |
        | Radicalisation |  | Authoritarianism     |
        +----------------+  +------------------+
                         \    /
                          \  /
                      +---------------------+
                      |     EXTREMISM       |
                      +---------------------+

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🧠 3. Militant Recruitment Pathway (Flowchart)

  Poverty + Illiteracy + Lack of Skills
               ↓
   Recruitment by Militant Networks
               ↓
     Offer of Money / Identity / Food
               ↓
  Ideological Indoctrination + Manipulation
               ↓
       Participation in Extremism

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📌 4. Key Policy Interventions (Infographic-style bullets)

• 📘 Invest in Universal Education

• 👷‍♂️ Launch Youth Employment Programs

• 🌐 Strengthen Online De-radicalisation

• 🤝 Community Engagement and Peace Dialogues

• 🏛 Transparent Governance and Fair Resource Distribution

• 📜 Civic & Human Rights Literacy Programs

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Technology which directly affects the way people think and act 2016

Technology which directly affects the way people think and act 2016

It is only partly true that the future is unpredictable. Some developments, such as demographic trends, can be confidently predicted. Political or economic developments, on the other hand, are very hard to forecast, certainly in the longer term. This is also true of a great many technological developments. To give but one example, when the World Wide Web was invented and the first web server was installed in 1990, nobody would have predicted that, 20 years later, 50 billion or so web pages would have been indexed by Google, a company which did not even exist in 1990, but which is now one of the largest technological companies in the world. Nevertheless, more robust and predictable developments can also be cited. One of these is that technology has come to play an increasingly important role in the private lives of people. Whereas in the past, a telephone used to be a functional object hanging on the wall and allowing us to call others, it has now acquired the status of a ‘Life Companion’, something that is with us wherever we go and enables us to share, so to speak, all of our major and minor life events. Actively and purposefully, technology increasingly influences our social environment (via the Internet), our individual experiences and even the way we think and act (for instance by means of persuasive technology). This trend offers a glimpse of the enormous breadth technology has developed over the years. On the one hand, engineers are developing technology that approaches the limits of what is physically possible (for instance in lithography). On the other hand, they are working on technology which directly affects the way people think and act. This implies that altogether different types of engineers are required, engineers who can be distinguished as to (i) disciplinary background: electrical engineering, chemical technology, technical medicine, computer science, architecture or business administration; (ii) the nature of their work: research or design; and (iii) their orientation: specialists or generalists. Specialists are often driven by the challenges and new opportunities provided by technology. It fascinates them and they wish to participate in developing and improving it. Generalists are often motivated by the societal issues that can be solved by means of technology. But these are, of course, stereotypes. It is not unusual to hear someone say, ‘I’m a bit of a nerd, but for a good cause’, something which expresses both a fascination for technology as well as social engagement.

generalists and specialists should be able to function at the boundaries of various disciplines. These boundaries can vary widely. Interaction with physicists, for instance, is completely different from interaction with psychologists or doctors. There are also other developments that can be termed robust in the sense that they are compatible with a number of possible future scenarios. Internationalization is a prime example, one that is in fact inevitable. In the past fifty years, the world’s economy has witnessed a strong shift to Asia, with China now having reached the level of the United States and the European Union. As a result, companies will have to operate on an increasingly international scale and all engineers without exception will have to be educated for the international market. This conclusion is unrelated to the question whether TU/e should, in the future, focus mainly on the ecosystem of international high-tech industries in the Eindhoven region (Brainport), or whether TU/e should primarily be developing itself as part of an international network of universities (a ‘global university of technology’). In either scenario, internationalization plays a key role. There is yet another reason why internationalization is an absolute must: if TU/e aspires to excellence in education and research, it necessarily follows that the world, not just the Netherlands, is its arena. A university that presents itself as a world player is nevertheless embedded in a local environment and will want to contribute actively to its prosperity and well-being. TU/e is part of the Eindhoven region, a unique area with a high concentration of international high-tech industries – hence the name Brainport. A significant number of TU/e students come from this area and a major share of its alumni work for companies located in the region. Having good cooperative relations with the region, which by virtue of its international orientation provides yet another window on the world, is therefore a requirement for TU/e in determining the future of education and research. Another robust development is a greater diversity of students. This means a student body comprised of several types of students interested in science and technology,4 a larger share of women, more nationalities, more students from immigrant communities, etc. This diversity is needed to ensure a greater intake so that sufficient numbers of people can be trained in technology. But it is also necessary because the market requires engineers with widely varying profiles, as has been illustrated above. We are not just concerned with one type of engineer of the future. There are several. Finally, diversity is needed to prepare students for an international career in which cultural differences may play a major role. What applies to students also applies to TU/e staff: greater diversity is also necessary and desirable here. Staff members act as role models for the students, especially where women in technology are concerned. Increasing the diversity of the staff population,  

however, is something that cannot be accomplished in the short term. TU/e will only be able to introduce changes by implementing a firm and consistent policy over a number of years. Another development that will not easily be reversed relates to government funding of higher education. We have been witnessing a downward trend for years. In the first decade of this century, the government’s contribution for each student dropped from €18,800 to €14,100, while the number of students increased by 46 percent.5 The introduction of a new student loans system instead of grants in the Netherlands is part of the picture. This downward trend is entirely unsatisfactory given the vision that is communicated by that same government, namely that the competitive power and hence the future of the Dutch economy lies in knowledge-intensive products and services. It puts great pressure on the educational system at Dutch universities, as degree programs have to be offered to an increasing number of students per staff member that at the same time belong to the best programs internationally. This is all the more acute because, as will be argued below, small-scale education is a vital element of good academic teaching practice.

Educate new generations of future proof academic engineers 2016

Educate new generations of future proof academic engineers 2016

   

The recurring concern with the future of the engineering profession illustrates the fact that TU/e regards itself as a university with a mission. This university of technology aims to educate new generations of future proof academic engineers, that is, engineers who are able to make asignificant contribution.

Using state-of-the-art technology, they must be able to contribute to solving societal problems, but also to the development of new chances and opportunities. They must have an inquiring and creative attitude, a high degree of creativity and societal responsibility, as well as the ability to look beyond borders and to work as team players.3 The world, after all, refuses to be divided neatly into academic disciplines. 

society ten, twenty or forty years into the future. Nobody is able to predict with any degree of certainty or accuracy what our society will look like in the future. That is why engineers will have to excel in a number of generic competences, i.e. competences that are necessary no matter how things turn out. Engineers of the future must be professionals capable of thinking critically and independently and must be able to keep developing and renewing their expertise throughout their career.

The role of engineers in society is likely to be very great 2016

The role of engineers in society is likely to be very great

  

the role of engineers in society is likely to be very great and the tasks facing him will be formidable. It will be necessary for him to work in a social, economic and cultural perspective, to be fully aware of political and societal constraints and to be exceedingly flexible. The ever increasing database of the profession will inevitably favor a greater degree of specialization, but the temptation must be resisted to cram more and more specialized courses into the curriculum or to lengthen the learning period of formal education unduly. Young engineers will have to be exposed to the real problems of society as early as possible and hence sandwiches of instruction and practice will be desirable. 

 

The creativity and inventiveness of research engineers should be a constant preoccupation of management and, for this purpose the inclusion of fundamental research scientists in applied laboratories is desirable. The problems facing society are indeed great and their solutions will depend much on acceptance by the public at large.’ Thirty-six years later, many of the issues put forward by Dr. King are still as pressing as they were then.

  

The great challenges facing the world – particularly those relating to sustainability, economic stability and safety – as well as increased specialization in the engineering disciplines, the importance of fundamental research and of creativity, the societal and ethical responsibilities of engineers, the prevailing image of the engineering profession and the acceptance of new technology are still high on the agenda today.2 They are a major reason for making, once again in 2013, engineers of the future the theme of the most prestigious academic lecture held at TU/e, the Holst Memorial Lecture. 

GENERAL INSURANCE FUNDAMENTALS 2016

GENERAL INSURANCE FUNDAMENTALS 2016

PART 1 UNDERSTANDING INSURANCE BASICS WHAT AN INSURER DOES BASIC 

PRINCIPLES BASIC PRINCIPLES • 

The advantage of obtaining insurance is that it allows the pooling of risks and d th b bilit f t b i th ti t f l d re duces the pro b ability o f one par ty bearing the entire cos t o f a loss • Insurance policies originated in 17th century London coffee houses which became the place for sharing information on agreements of pooled risks between merchants, ultimately leading to the formation of Lloyds of London • In the aftermath of The Great Fire of London, Nicholas Barbon an English physician opened “The Fire Office” to insure London’s brick homes, and establi h d i li i k h d bli s h e d insurance poli cies as we know t hem to day • Toda y y( ) , an insurance contract is a contract in which one part y (the insurer ) accepts significant insurance risk from another party (the policyholder) by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specified uncertain future event (the insured event) adversely affects the policy holder. (AASB 4) 4 WHAT AN INSURER DOES Diff t d th fi i l d t Differences to assurance an d other financial pro duc t s • Insurance pools the risk of uncertain future events. This is different to assurance models which pool the risk of events which will happen such as death, retirement or paying interest happen such as death, retirement or paying interest • The actual cost of providing the general insurance product is not known at the time of selling the product at the time of selling the product • The product being sold only has intangible attributes such as selling a promise to pay and the likelihood of a claim occurring selling a promise to pay and the likelihood of a claim occurring • The product is often a ‘grudge’ purchase and a ‘need’ rather than a ‘want’

 5 WHAT AN INSURER DOES BASIC PRINCIPLES BASIC PRINCIPLES SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT 

– RISK OF A LARGE AND INFREQUENT LOSS RISK OF A LARGE AND INFREQUENT LOSS 

Every year 1 in every 1,000 houses suffers a fire at a cost of $100,000. An individual risks having to finance $100,000 if it is their turn for the 1:1000 loss. A group of 1,000 householders pooling together pay only $100 each to rebuild the house each each to rebuild the house each year. Even after 10 years the individual has only paid $1,000 to protect their risk of $100,000. 6 protect their risk of $100,000. WHAT AN INSURER DOES BASIC PRINCIPLES

SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT – RISK OF SMALL FREQUENT LOSSES BASIC PRINCIPLES 

SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT RISK OF SMALL FREQUENT LOSSES 

Every year 100 in every 

1,000 houses suffers a burglary at a cost of $1,000. An individual risks having to finance $1,000 if it is their turn for the 1:10 loss. A group of 1,000 householders pooling together pay $100 each to reimburse the cost of goods stolen. reimburse the cost of goods stolen. Over 10 years the individual has paid $1,000. 

7 WHAT AN INSURER DOES PRODUCTS SHORT TAIL LONG TAIL • Claims may not even be SHORT TAIL LONG TAIL • 

Claims usually known and • Claims may not even be reported within 12 months • Settlement can take 3-4 years • Greater complexity in • Claims usually known and settled within 12 months • Less complexity in managing claims • Greater complexity in managing claims • Higher risk in predicting final settlement managing claims • Less risk in predicting final settlement • Generally based around settlement • Generally based around medical and legal outcomes

Your Home Insurance 2016

Your Home Insurance

Introduction 

We, Liberty Insurance®, agree to provide insurance to you, the policyholder named in the policy schedule, for events which happen during any period of insurance for which you have paid, or have agreed to pay, the premium. We will insure you against loss, damage or liability which happens during the period of insurance under the terms, exclusions and conditions of this policy and any endorsements.

Insurance Concepts & Principles

Insurance Concepts & Principles

Your learning objectives are as follows: ƒ Understand the mechanism of insurance. ƒ Understand the difference between property and casualty insurance. ƒ Learn the parts of the insurance contract ƒ Know all of the insurance terms ƒ Understand property insurance terms and concepts ƒ Know the loss adjustment methods (replacement cost vs. actual cash value) ƒ Understand casualty insurance terms and concepts ƒ Know the parts of a liability policy ƒ Understand the principles of risk, elements of insurability and ƒ Know the parties to a contract ƒ Know the characteristics of an insurance contract (legal terms must be memorized) ƒ Understand legal interpretations affecting the insurance contract 

Your Car Insurance Policy 2016

Your Car Insurance Policy 2016

Am I covered if I drive other cars? 

We will cover you for damage caused to third parties whilst you are driving cars that are not your own, provided you meet certain conditions (see Section A). This cover does not include damage to the car you are driving and applies only to the policyholder and not to any named drivers on the policy. Your certificate of insurance will show if you have this benefit. Am I covered if I leave my keys in my car? We will not pay a claim if your car is: left unlocked; left with keys or key fobs in, on, or attached; left with the engine running; left with a window or roof open.

YOUR MOTOR INSURANCE POLICY 2016

YOUR MOTOR INSURANCE POLICY

This is your RSA Motor Policy. It describes the contract between you and us. In return for the premium, we will .cover you during the period of insurance under the terms set out in this policy Your application form, this policy book, your schedule and your certificate of motor insurance are all part of your policy. Please read them all to avoid misunderstanding. They tell you which sections apply to your policy .and describe your cover .(The wordings of the following sections are provided by the Ministry of Economy (UAE Section 1 • Exceptions to Section 1 • Section 2 • General Exceptions • General Conditions • RSA has extended the cover stated in the above sections. Please refer to the automatic cover extensions on pages 13 -17 (Sections 4 to 8). Sections 9 to 15 are optional covers and only apply .if specified in your policy schedule The declaration you signed on your application form is part of this contract. You must tell us as soon as possible of any changes to the information you have given on your application form. If you do not, your policy .may not be valid We will not pay benefits or arrange for help if any part of your application for this insurance, or any further .changes you ask to make to this policy, are deliberately fraudulent .Please make sure that your policy is what you want. If it is not, tell us immediat

Fast And Furious 7 Hollywood Action Movie

ہولی وڈ کی ایکشن تھرلر فیوریس 7 نے دوسرے ہفتے کے اختتام پر 6 کروڑ 6 لاکھ ڈالر کما کر فاسٹ اینڈ فیوریس سیریز کی سب سے کامیاب ترین فلم بن گئی۔

اپنی ریلیز کے دوسرے ہفتے فیوریس 7 باکس آفس چارٹ پر تسارے ریکارڈ توڑ چکی ہے۔ اس فلم نے یونیورسل پکچرز کے تمام ریکارڈز توڑ کر فیوریس 7 کو فاسٹ اینڈ فیوریس سیریز کی سب سے زیادہ منافع کمانے والی فلم بنا دیا ہے۔

سینئر تجزیہ کار پال ڈگارابڈین کا کہنا تھا کہ فیوریس 7 اس سال میں اب تک کی سب سے کامیاب ترین فلم ہے۔ اس فلم کا اپریل میں ریلیز ہونا اس کے لئے نہایت فائدہ مند ثابت ہوا کیوں کہ اس وقت تک ہولی وڈ کی کوئی اور بڑی فلم ریلیز نہیں ہوئی ہے۔

فیوریس 7 آٹھ دنوں کے اندر یونیورسل فلمز کی 25 کروڑ ڈالر کمانے والی پہلی فلم ہے اور اس کے ساتھ ساتھ دو ہفتوں میں دنیا بھر سے 60 کروڑ ڈالر کمانے کا ریکارڈ بھی بنا چکی ہے۔

یاد رہے کہ 2013 میں فیوریس 7 کی شوٹنگ کے دوران ہی اداکار پال والکر ایک حادثے میں ہلاک ہوگئے تھےجس کے بعد فلم کو مکمل کرنے کے لیے ان کےبھائی کو کاسٹ کیا گیا۔ شائقین نے پال والکر کے بغیر ان کے فلم میں کئے ہوئے کردار کو بھی بخوبی سراہا ہے۔

فیوریس 7 کو شائقین کی جانب سے بھی بے حد پسند کیا جا رہا ہے یہی وجہ ہے کہ فیوریس 7 کی نظریں اب 1 ارب ڈالر کمانے کے ریکارڈ پر ہیں۔